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8 Major Terpenes in Cannabis That Improve Your Health

Terpenes are in all cannabis plants, but these are the ones you are most likely to come across. These are the key medicinal terpenes that kill your pain, elevate your mood, fight your cancer.

 Terpenes play a large part in the sensory experience of cannabis. The way your favorite strain smells and the way it tastes are all thanks to the unique combination of these little-known chemicals. Sour Diesel smells so sour thanks to the significant levels of limonene and myrcene. Blueberry Kush gets its name from the combination of Humulene and Pinene, a smell like sweet berries. 

 Cannabinoids may have stolen the spotlight over the last decade or so, but terpenes are now making their presence known in the wide world of weed. Cannabis connoisseurs are chasing down rare cannabis strains with exciting terpene profiles, and medical teams are researching the many potential health benefits of these essential oils. Both the connoisseurs and the researchers have their work cut out for them, considering there may be as many as 200 possible terpenes found in cannabis. It’s an exciting new frontier.

 A quick note on some of the research cited for the following common terpenes in cannabis: not all of the study was performed on cannabis-derived compounds. The chemical structure of Pinene should theoretically be the same whether sourced from Pine trees or pot, but until we have these studies in place, we can only draw tentative conclusions not final ones.

8 Most Common Terpenes Found in Cannabis

When it comes to cannabis and terpenes, researchers have only just begun to understand the complex relationship they have with each other and with the human body. That said, here is a brief exploration of the eight most common terpenes found in cannabis and their medical potential.

Caryophyllene

Strains: Bubba Kush, Chemdawg, Sour Diesel

Aromatic Notes: Pepper, Spicy, Cloves, Woodsy

Medical Applications: One of the first chemicals found outside the cannabis plant that activates our cannabinoid receptors, there is massive potential for caryophyllene to treat inflammation, pain, and for neuroprotection. In the most recent study from 2013, researchers suggested it may also have some use as a co-therapy with opiates for the treatment of chronic pain.

Humulene

Strains: Girl Scout Cookies, Sour Diesel, White Widow

Aromatic Notes: Woodsy, Earthy, Mossy

Medical Applications: There is limited preliminary research done on this terpene, most (if not all) of it performed on animals. However, researchers have discovered it may be beneficial for improving throat restriction caused by inflammation from an allergic reaction. There is also early evidence of its anti-tumor capabilities. With more study, humulene may have benefits for people with asthma, other allergic diseases, and cancer

 Myrcene

 Strains: White Widow, Jack Herer, Pink Kush

 Aromatic Notes: Cloves, Herbal

 Medical Applications: In animal models, myrcene is showing particular usefulness for its gastrointestinal protections.It may protect against peptic ulcer disease, maintain the integrity of the digestive juices, and could reduce the appearance of gastric lesions. Some resources also suggest myrcene has sedative qualities, which compliment some of the other compounds in cannabis.

Limonene

 Strains: Super Lemon Haze, Berry White, Jack Herer

 Aromatic Notes: Citrus, Sweet

 Medical Applications: Limonene is another essential oil demonstrating an ability to improve respiratory health, in animal models of inflammatory reactions from asthma. Its commonly used in aromatherapy circles (lemon peel, orange peel essential oils) to boost mood, and energize.

 

 Linalool

 Strains: Amnesia Haze, Pink Kush, Master Kush

 Aromatic Notes: Floral

 Medical Applications: Especially when derived from lavender, linalool has a long history of use in traditional medicines as a sedative and in aromatherapy as a stress-reliever. In terms of the medical research, there is early evidence that it’s helpful as an antibacterial compound and as a painkiler.  A more recent, and perhaps more exciting study, explores linalool as a preventative treatment against Alzheimer's disease.

Ocimene

Strains: Strawberry Cough, Chernobyl, Lemon Sour Diesel

Aromatic Notes: Sweet, Herbal, Woodsy

Medical Applications: There is limited information about the usefulness of Ocimene on its own, but scientists have studied it as one terpene of many in botanical oils. When examined as an aspect of Asteraceae (a flower and traditional medicine in Iran), the essential oil had potential as a powerful anti-convulsant. Another study looking at the essential oils of citrus flowers containing ocimene found an anti-inflammatory effect.

Pinene

 Strains: Dutch Treat, Blue Dream, Romulan

 Aromatic Notes: Pine, Earthy

 Medical Applications: Another potential anti-allergic compound, pinene reduced nasal mucus in mice. It also is a known anti-inflammatory and has shown potential to protect against oxidative stress DNA damage, and apoptosis (cell death), in human skin cells.

Terpinolene

Strains: Lemon Sour Diesel, Afghani, Jean Guy

Aromatic Notes: Pine, Floral, Herbal

Medical Applications: In animal studies on chronic inflammation, there seems to be massive potential for terpinolene. In recent studies, it has also shown promise as a sedative when inhaled by laboratory mice.

Clinical trials into the possible benefits of the terpenes from cannabis are limited. It’s also worth pointing out that the development of terpenes in cannabis is influenced by the genetics, environment, and many other factors. For example, the terpene profile of a Jack Herer crop grown, outside, in California compared to that grown, inside, in Ontario will have drastically different compositions.

Look for lab test results from your local dispensary to clarify the terpenes in your favorite strains.

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