May 20 2020

 

A study of currently available endo-, Phyto- and synthetic cannabinoids, including CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists. As boring as it may sound, the realities of doing background research is highly imperative. The endocannabinoid system (ECS), which targets a wide range of drugs and therapies, is implicated in many pathologies of physiological control in the human body. 

 

This review summarizes the most recent research on the role of the endocannabinoids and it targets and focuses on the development of new medicinal products based on cannabinoids.

We also offer certain key steps for the growth of enhanced and more specific medicinal products for each disease, such as creating a cannabinoid-receptor interaction matrix (CRIM) and using protein purification.

 

 

Beneficial impacts of Endocannabinoid system

Several positive effects of homeopathic and artificial cannabinoids on intestinal motility and swelling have also been proved.  This is implying a massive potential for these substances in the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases.

The results are based on a pre-operating system of proteins that control the organism’s own and the externally produced cannabinoids, the so-called Endocannabinoid System (ECS).

An endocannabinoid system throughout the digestive tract would respond quickly to metabolic disruptions. Afterward, by nucleotide fusion of its elements to preserve immune function. 

Thus, providing several possible locations for pharmacological treatments. Non-psychoactive cannabinoids, as well as substances that do not directly target cannabinoid receptors.

However, still, retain cannabinoid-like characteristics, are of key clinical interest. Medications that impede the deterioration of endocannabinoids and raise the level of endocannabinoids are progressively offering option safe and effective tools for ECS manipulation.

The Endocannabinoid Systems of the Gastrointestinal TRACT The Endocannabinan Systems

The interest in the medicinal use of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa was regenerated in the early 1960s when the main bioactive component of cannabis was delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and the identification of the first cannabinoid (CB) receptor in the 1990s — now CB1—was identified.

The development of the endoCb (ECS) principle consisting of endogenously generated CBs (i.e. endoCBs), their receptors (CB receptors), the enzyme synthesis and degradation machines for endoCBs, as well as the proteins that control endoCB uptake and transportation (1) was also a boost to CB work (Figure 1). It has become apparent over the last few years that the ECS plays a significant role in gastrointestinal disease pathophysiology (GI) and GI inflammation defense.

Endocannabinoid in the world

In some countries, many CBs were historically sold and recommended. A mixture of THC and cannabidiol is sold as a sublingual oromucosal spray in Canada under the brand name of Sativex in patients with multiple sclerosis, GW Pharmaceuticals, United Kingdom. Dronabinol is a synthesized THC that acts as an agonist for both CB1 and CB2 (Marinol [Abbott Laboratories Inc., Canada]).

This has been sold as an appetite stimulant and anti-emetic and is administered orally as a tablet. Nabilone is a synthetic analog of the THC marketed under the Cesamet brand (Pharmaceuticals Valeant, Canada]). It is used by patients with nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy and is administered by mouth as a tablet.

The bottom line and possible divergences

Cannabis sativa extracts have been used in herbal medicines to relieve nausea and diarrhea. AEA and 2-AG are the best-known endoCBs that function via classical (CB1 which CB2) and potentially via novel CB receptors such as GPR55, GPR119 or GPR18.

EndoCBs and CB receptors are introduced into the endocannabinoids, which shows a high degree of plasticity in GI diseases. To maintain GI homeostasis, is the idea that cells generate their own CBS offers a rare potential for possible drug targeting. With this, either to activate endoCB receptors or to inhibit the degradation of endoCBs to maximize their levels in the extracellular space.

Accessible trials indicate that CB1 agonists may be effective for emesis, IBD, colon cancer, and hypermotility.  Furthermore, diarrhea-related functional disorders, whereas CB2 agonists may be potential medicines used to treat IBD. Good reasons are justifying the use of CBs for IBS treatment.